Paintballing :: essays research papers

paintballingPaintballing is a fairly new sport that takes a combination of good equipment, athleticism, and skill. This sport was invented when A friend of ours found this throttle in a agricultural catolouge that was used by cattlemen to mark cows. It wasnt long afterwords that we bought two of these things and had ourselves a little duel. After it was over we knew that we had stumbled apon something considerable Hayes Noel. Paintballing is a fairly easy concept to explain, One team essentially hunt the other team. Players are armed with paint filled marble sized balls that when shot, travel at about 60 mph.There are many different forms of this game that can be played. There is the about hot game which is single elimination, or if you are hit once (and the paintball breaks), then you must remove yourself from the game. Another game is capture the flag, two armed teams two have flags at an assigned station. You have to capture the other teams flag and bring it to your teams station without getting eliminated. The last game that i will guarantee you about was also the first game. Two armed players stand back to back, with only one shot, a third person tells the two players to take ten dollar bill paces and after the players have gone the required distance, they turn and shoot. If one person hits the other, they win.The euqipment of paintballing is very advanced, in the begining, no saftey gear was required. Now, it is mandatory. Each player MUST dig a mask. The average player will be armed with a gun, a co2 or nitrogen tank, and about 200-400 stored paintballs that are kept in pods. A mid quality semi automatic gun can be purchased for about $100. But prices can range up to $1000.The question that most people ask when purchasing a gun ask What kind of gun do I insufficiency? Well, it depends what you want. If you are a new paintballer and want a gun to play around with, then you might look into buying a Wal-Mart pump action gun. If you want a qualit y gun that will perform in a game, then you want a semi- automatic gun that costs from 100-200 dollars.

Neuroplasticity and Justice Essay -- Neuroplasticity and the Law

Justice is oft thought of in nebulous terms. As such, it is often viewed through a philosophical lens. Indeed, referee has been examined by prominent philosophers such as John Rawls and Friedrich Hayek. Often regarded as a soft science, the idea of referee finds itself the subject of a theoretical framework rather than of scientific study. Despite this theoretical view, much of the theory surrounding justice seeks to determine the causes for a addicted type of behavior. These theories discuss which penological methods work to correct these behaviors. However, the theory that one can modify his or her brain in order to create new behaviors exists inside the scientific biological/psychological realm. By contrast, there are those who believe that the brain is stagnant for most of the human lifespan. This paper will argue dickens points. First, emotional connotations associated with justice are synonymous with neurology and cognitive functioning, thus solidifying the nee d for an examination of justice within a biological context. Second, although justice has practical applications as a philosophical construct, it should be examined through the biological lens of neuroplasticity and the human propensity for change. Although justice is often examined philosophically, the theories behind the collective rationality of justice are largely psychological. For example, when examining introductory criminal justice literature, one may discover that behaviorism is discussed. Behaviorism hinges on operant instruct. Operant conditioning suggests behavior is more likely to occur when it is reinforced with reward and less likely to occur when it is punished (Fuller, 2010, p. 90). This reasoning is consistent with common ret... ...rrents. (2nd ed., Vol. 1, p. 90-91). New tee shirt Pearson Education Inc.Jackman, T. (2012, February 27). Family still seeks justice in friendly fire death. The Washington Post, p. A1. Retrieved fromhttp//search.proquest.com .proxy.consortiumlibrary.org/docview/923517276Volkow, N. D. United States Department of Health and Human Services, (2008). Neuroscience blueprint promotes efficiency, synergy. Retrieved from http//www.drugabuse.gov/news-events/nida-notes/2008/06/neuroscience-blueprint-promotes-efficiency-synergyWelke, J. R. (1978). Incarceration A guinea pig policy issue. Journal of Contemporary Criminal Justice, 1(5), 5-6. doi 10.1177/104398627800100105 Wenzel, M., Okimoto, T. G., Feather, N. T., & Platow, M. J. (2008). Retributive and restorative justice. Law and Human Behavior, 32(5), 375-389. Retrieved from http//www.jstor.org/stable/25144639

The difference between Classical music and classical music? :: essays research papers

In this essay I am going to look at the differences between Greco-Roman practice of medicine and classic music. There argon many differences between the two, one is an era and the other is a type of music.Classical is an era, it is from about 1730 to just after 1800. There are 5 different periods in era (for music), Renaissance, Baroque, Classical, Romantic and Modern (20th Century). At this moment in time, we are still in the Modern period of time even though we are in the 21st, not 20th century. A few people who contributed to the music in the Classical era are Ludwig train Beethoven, Joseph Haydn and Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart. The period that came before the Classical period, the Baroque, was a time of ornamentation and cluttered sounds. The Classical period focused on the opposite types of sounds- music during that period was orderly, uncluttered, swell planned and precise. Music was expected to be technically pleasing and grounded in certain traditions and styles that had be en approved by the public, often quite formal. Composers were seen as workers who were hired to print music that would please their employer.Vienna, Austria was the center of musical activity during the Classical period. Composers traveled from near and far to study with music teachers in Vienna. Vienna was such a hot spot for musicians that a style was even named for much of the music composed during the time the Viennese Style. The size of the symphony orchestra was growing, allowing composers to create more complex pieces calling for new instruments that made unique sounds unheard before this time. Opera remained very popular, as did symphonies (large works with several sections composed for entire orchestras to play), concertos and sonatas (pieces featuring one instrument).Classical music (with a lower case ?c?) is completely different from Classical music (with a capital ?c?), classical music is music that is quite formal, and usually played by an orchestra that has lots of st ring instruments.

Western Civilization Essay -- essays research papers

Modern European WeaponryShaping Changes in WarfareThe human being has always found a way to inflict rail at in the name of defense or simple destruction, for survival, or for the annihilation of the enemy. All within the realm of warfare, we have found a way to turn sticks and stones break bones, and everything between simple technologies to the advent of gunpowder, has changed civilization and the way we live. Throughout this essay we will look at the simple truths that come from an evolution in weaponry. How it affected the social connections of those times, and the way society was forced to wage war with each other. By the time men had figured out that a switch of rock can mean the difference between life and death, weapons became an important part of human kind. Dating back to prehistoric times, men could only character the tools they could find within their means of symbiotic existence with their surroundings. It wouldnt take long, relatively speaking, until we would figure out how to sophisticate our means of defense and battle. After the neolithic Age, men were able to ascertain the effectiveness of metal versus the effectiveness of such crude weapons like those made of wood and/or stone. People realized that it was easier to endeavor the enemy with precision with such advances as a dagger that would pierce through skin as opposed to smashing the enemy with larger chunks of weapons. tally to the Bible, the Israe...

Parent - Teenager Relationships :: essays research papers

Parents are fragile things. There is a very fine line between approval anddisapproval with most parents. No teenager I know ever seems to do anythingright by their mum or dad. My m some other always nags me to do things like clean myteeth, tidy my room, do my homework blah blah.Its probably the same with many other teenagers out there. When asked whyparents nag they practically say "its for your own good" or something every bit insane.These comments rate right up there with "because I said so" and "because Imyour father or because Im your mother"It is, in fact, very easy to judge if a particular child is or isnt nagged. IfI were to take my friend Doug for example, I could very easily say that hismother didnt nag him much at all. This is because he simply does what he likes.I mean, who does the right thing when nobody cares if you dont? Now takemyself, I have had more than my fare share of nagging in my time. How do youknow? Well, everything I am was shaped by my mother. She is an epitome ofunderstanding, a wealth of knowledge and of course I have inherited the othertraits like beauty and genetic perfection.I know I certainly hate being nagged. If my mum gets on my nerves Id say just about(predicate) anything to shut her up sometimes.Have a look at Josephine in the novel "Looking for Alibrandi" and compare her toher mother. Jose may absolutely hate her mother sometimes but at others beunable to live without her presence. I dont think that Jose could ever imagineher mother being in the same position as her. What I dont understand is if ourparents have been through this themselves, then why do they have such a hardtime understanding why their children often hate them for the same reasons?My main point is that if our parents have resented their parents for the way

Parent - Teenager Relationships :: essays research papers

Parents are fragile things. There is a very fine line amidst approval anddisapproval with most parents. No tee machine politicianer I know ever seems to do anythingright by their mum or dad. My mother of all time nags me to do things like clean myteeth, tidy my room, do my homework blah blah.Its probably the same with many other teenagers out there. When asked whyparents nag they often say "its for your own good" or something equally insane.These comments rate right up there with "because I said so" and "because Imyour father or because Im your mother"It is, in fact, very easy to judge if a particular child is or isnt nagged. IfI were to take my friend Doug for example, I could very considerably say that hismother didnt nag him much at all. This is because he simply does what he likes.I mean, who does the right thing when nobody cares if you dont? Now takemyself, I have had more than my fare share of nagging in my time. How do youknow? Well, everything I am was shaped by my mother. She is an epitome ofunderstanding, a wealthiness of knowledge and of course I have inherited the othertraits like beauty and genetic perfection.I know I certainly hate existence nagged. If my mum gets on my nerves Id say justabout anything to shut her up sometimes.Have a look at Josephine in the novel " flavour for Alibrandi" and compare her toher mother. Jose may absolutely hate her mother sometimes but at others beunable to live without her presence. I dont think that Jose could ever supposeher mother being in the same position as her. What I dont understand is if ourparents have been through this themselves, then why do they have such a hardtime understanding why their children often hate them for the same reasons?My main point is that if our parents have resented their parents for the way

Ancient Discoveries: Troy Essay

This report c everyplaces a brief historic background on the discovery of the Hisarlik site of Troy Heinrich Schliemann (refer to practice 1.), its discoverer and his methodologies whilst excavating the site. It focuses primarily on his mho campaign, the well-nigh famous of the five- and his lack of scientific archaeological structure whilst excavating, rather use philological and relative date methods mistakes as a result of c areless excavations, and the legacy it has left on history and archaeology of Troy till this day.As a child, Heinrich Schliemann had an obsession with bulls eyes epic cycles/poems the Iliad and the Odyssey. After cornering the market at the age of 41, he became a millionaire and retired from merchantry to pursue his love of archaeology, committing to proving the actual histori metropolis of the Trojan War and the Homeric city of Troy. (Refer to practice 2.)Schliemann had a good idea of where to begin looking. In 1868, Schliemann journeyed to Greece and Asia Minor in search of the lost city, travelling north-west Turkey to examine both(prenominal) mounds Bunarbashi and Hisarlik. Because, according to Greek myth, the general Agamemnon collected his force in Aulis, a site on the eastern shores of Greece, Troy must have lain to the east of Greece. The Iliad mentioned that cod Ida was visible from the walls of Troy, but from Bunarbashi the mountain could not be seen. There were also a number of topographical discrepancies such as, the distance from the sea being octonary miles where Schliemann approximated from the text that it should not be more(prenominal) than foursome.Using geographic clues from his copy of the Iliad, Schliemann notice another hill near the village of Hisarlik that seemed to fit Homers description. Schliemanns decision to excavate at Hisarlik was confirmed afterward incurring a preceded theory by British archaeologist, Frank Calvert that Hisarlik was indeed the ancient city of Troy. Calvert had been worki ng on the mound for over 20 years and had acquired half of the hill but lacked in finances to pursue further investigations on the site, so he decided to confide his archaeological findings with Schliemann, gaining collaboration with the rich benefactor in uncovering Troy. (Refer to figure 13.)The exact location of Troy (or Ilium) was lost after 400 B.C., and over the centuries the site was buried under many layers of earth, however fortunately preserving the site for its future excavations.Schliemann was to excavate Hisarlik during five separate campaigns Mycenae (1876-78), Ithaca (1878), Orchomenus, Boeotia (1881-82), and Tiryns (1884-85) but it was the second one of 1871-1873 which proved to be famous. Ruins were uncovered soon after the excavation began at Hisarlik. Nevertheless, Schliemann was perplexed by the complexity of the mound, whose stratification resulted in the discovery of four superimposed towns (later excavations revealing nine cities). (Refer to figure 3.)To get t o the supposed level of Homers Troy, Troy II, he dug vast trenches by dint of the complete mound, unceasingly demolishing later structures and crucial historic demonstration- his reason being that he thought it was built later than Homer, and was therefore in the way. Schliemann mentions employing large verse of local labourers on the site, which varied from 80-125 men at a time using crude pickaxes, spades, and wheelbarrows to dispose of intervening rubble. On his way through the mound he destroyed the foundations of a large building. Completely ignoring all the layers which clearly revealed a variety of distinguishable settlements, he continued to dig- removing an estimated 325,000 cubic yards of earth. (Refer to figure 4.)Priams Treasure (refer to figure 5.) consisted of 8700 pieces of golden pendants, earrings, bracelets, rings, diadems, cups, salvers, cauldrons, vases however Schliemanns account of finding the treasure unfortunately is believed untrue. His fixation to reac h what he considered to be the literal troy was so intense as to render him cataloguing some of the more interesting finds even if his dating was totally wrong. Subsequent checks of dates/events do not deem Schliemanns claims. For example, Priams alleged Treasure was assigned to Troy II, whereas, we now know from Wilhelm Drpfelds later excavations that King Priam would have reined Troy VI or VIIa, which occupied hundreds of years later. (Refer to figure 6.)Unlike many of his scholarly contemporaries, Heinrich Schliemann regarded the stories of the ancient Greek poet Homer as being literally true. He use this as the basis of dating all artefacts obtained from the dig, essentially using philology as a method of relative dating. In an analogy to philological methods, he used the term comparative archaeology to his system as early as 1880, pointing out in a letter In its way comparative pottery is as important as comparative philology.His diaries, such as Troja, (refer to figure 7.) reveal detailed records containing sketches and accounts of all the finds- geological, botanical, and meteorological observations. However, Schliemann worked in an era when archaeology was mostly treasure-hunting. Only some of the most advanced archaeologists were beginning to understand that excavation is a destructive process- It must be done slowly and carefully, part recording detailed information, to learn as much as possible.When Schliemann began excavating, there was no accepted practice existed for archaeological fieldwork. Stratigraphy had been observed and understood in the danish pastry peat bogs, the Jutland barrows, and the prehistorical Swiss Lake dwellings, but Hisarlik was the first large dry-land man-made mound to be dug. Schliemann was no pioneer of the rudimentary scientific archaeology and did not adhere to a scientific method when carelessly excavating Troy. Later on as his career progressed, he eventually enlisted the help of specialists such as Rudolph Virch ow (pathologist, anthropologist, pre-historian, biologist), Archibald Sayce (linguist), goop Mller (German philologist and orientalist), and Wilhelm Drpfeld.Wilhelm Drpfeld, a famous architect can be accredited for teaching Schliemann archaeological method, specifically how to dig stratigraphically at Troy, majorly assisting with Troys stratigraphical dating methodology (and after Schliemanns death was able to determine that Troy VI, not Troy II was most in all probability Homers Troy). Ironically, Drpfeld joined the team around 1882, once Schliemann had already mass-destructively excavated Troy layer-by-layer from top through to bottom. It was then that Schliemann realized that he had at rest(p) too far because the settlement at the Hisarlik site predated Troy II by 1,700 years, however all in vain as irreversible legal injury done to the stratigraphy meant the loss of its multiple cities. A popular tourist attraction, this can still be seen today in Turkey at the ruins of Troy where walls from different historical periods have been excavated. (Refer to Figures 8 and 9.)Many other archaeologists followed Schliemann, conducting more methodical and scientific excavations of lands surrounding the Aegean. Recent archaeology of the classic civilizations of Europe has concentrated on the lives of common citizens. American archaeologist David Soren, for example, led a research team in the 1980s in southwestern Cyprus. Soren and his team reconstructed the events of a potent earthquake that struck the Roman port of Kourion in AD 365. Sorens team uncovered collapsed buildings in which entire families had been buried in their sleep.Despite Schliemanns controversial reputation as a fraudulently cunning and amateur archaeologist among historians, his discovery and excavations of Troy has left a legacy on historians and archaeologists today. much importantly, Schliemann revived the lost interest in Ancient Greek societies and was one of the first popularisers of arch aeology. With his books and dispatches to The Times, the Daily Telegraph and other papers he kept the public informed and excited by his archaeological discoveries as no one had done before. (Refer to figure 14.) Most scholars considered Homers stories of the Trojan War to be just Myths. (Refer to figure 12.)By excavating Hisarlik, Schliemann successfully disproved them although his work raised more controversy over the existence of troy and the authenticity and historicity of Homers epic poems/cycles among historians i.e. Michael Woods (refer to Figure 11.). This has lead on to a legacy of excavations to be held at Troy till this day (Refer to Figure 10.) including those of Drpfeld, Carl Blegen, and Manfred Korfmann who all proved evidence of occupation/activity on the site from findings of skeletons, helmets, bronze weaponry as described in the Iliad with the help of University knowledge and more advanced technology which helped earn conclusions of more accurate stratigraphy da ting of the cities and artefacts.If the Trojan War is accepted as an authentic event in history, there are many opinions divided over the subject of the wooden horse leading to Troys downfall. Cline, a Bronze Age scholar, has suggested that the Trojan Horse could have been a reference to an earthquake, since Poseidon- the sea god also known as Earth-shaker- had the horse as his particular animal. (Refer to figure 16.)As mentioned earlier, Schliemann worked in an era when archaeology was mostly treasure-hunting, but he had successfully demonstrated the value of archaeology for historical purposes, being the first person to test an ancient myth by excavating an archaeological site. He discovered Homeric Troy as well as a citadel that existed long before homer- a prehistoric Bronze Age civilisation in Turkey. Prior to that, historians only recognised 4 empires Greece, Rome, Egypt, and Babylon-Assyria. Schliemann discovered two new civilisations which lengthened the perspective of histo ry nearly discovering a third, situated in prehistoric Crete. Because of his errors and mistakes, archaeologists are more wary of archaeological methods of excavation and have improved in preserving/conserving sites whilst excavating.Another contribution to archaeologists was his very careful observation of pottery. In the 1800s, objects such as pottery were only important for display in museum show cases. But Schliemann insisted that pottery, even fragments of unpainted coarse ware, constitute as a historical document/clue. He realized value of pottery for chronological and stratigraphical questions. In an 1873 newspaper, Schliemann wrote At any place, where there have been human settlements, we find lots of potsherds, which are far more durable than city-walls or fortification-wallsThey give us two termini for the date of the enclosing walls they can neither be older than the oldest potsherds, nor later than the latest.For example, most historians and archaeologists of the time be lieved the city of Troy never existed and among the few that did, most deemed Bunarbashi-located a few miles inland from the Aegean sea as the location. Schliemann, not only argued this using philological comparison to the Iliad, but also proved that Bunarbashi could not be the site of troy, because of potsherds-he found no potsherd older than the fifth or 6th cytosine BC. Ancient Greek historians placed the Trojan War variously in our 12th, 13th, or 14th century BC Eratosthenes to 1184 BC, Herodotus to 1250 BC, and Duris of Samos to 1334 BC.The legacy of Troy has since prompted Hollywoods long love affair with the ancient world- inspiring the genre of the sword and sandal epics and continues to be a popular subject that many Hollywood directors attempt to attend and reconstruct- despite the highly inaccurate facts regarding characters and the series of events plot development. However, they remain imbedded in our mass media and popular culture varying from 1950s-1960s classics li ke that of Ben Hur, Cleopatra, Spartacus, The Ten Commandments or the more contemporary editions such as 2004 make Troy starring the likes of Brad Pitt, Eric Bana, Rose Byrne, and Orlando Bloom. (Refer to Figure 15.)In conclusion, Heinrich Schliemanns discovery of Troy served as a stepping stone in what we know as modern archaeology. He uncovered Troy of Homeric legend and found a new world of recovered history. But the question of if he really did find Homers city of Troy, no one can know for sure. Whether or not it is, Schliemann by all odds won himself a place in history as the father of archaeology- and his excavations at Troy are still widely studied by many students who learn from his mistakes in crude methodology as well as adopt his romance for the lost city (or cities) of troy.

Natucket Nectars flyin’ high

I. Identify/Define the Key Issues/Situation AnalysisA. Key issues that will shock the focal firms ability to survive, thrive and grow. First Nantucket Nectar has to decide on a strategy on how to give increased harvest-feast in future. This may include an IPO, existence bought by one of the big players in the beverage market or growth organically. Independently on how they achieve this goal, it is most important that they preserve the current spirit of the comp any. This includes both the inner structures and also the external image of the party.Internally they have to keep up the entrepreneurial spirit, resembling the nonhierarchical structures, the non-formal dress code and other factors which make Nantucket Nectars a place where work is still fun. On the other side they have to substantiate their image of being an autarkic company which only produces outputs with the highest quality and non willing to compromise that at any cost. Especially in the case of being sold to a big company, they have to make sure that they are not associated with the buyer but are still seen as the small independent good-guy company.Finally, as the founders have a long term interest in the company, they have to find a way of keeping control of the company, so they should not give away too many of their shares in order to earn a lot now.B. Critical Success Factors (then & now)Their greatest success factor is generally their great tasting, all natural, high quality product. This product enabled them to get a great and very committed customer base and build up a sucker. The current trend of people favoring healthy and natural beverages additionally helps them to grow successfully.Their entrepreneurial spirited and highly motivated team helps them to quickly react to cutting trends in a constantly evolving market and even with a small marketing budget they showed that they are able to establish their products successfully on the market, panopticly using highly creative a nd alternative marketing tools. Additionally, the story they stick out build up theirmarketing on is much more appealing than that of any of the brands introduced by big companies. While still suffering from low margins, cost will be reduced with greater volumes and more experience in the market.II. broadcast Strategic Options A. Keep the company and grow organically1. This approach allows the founders to retain control over the company and be able to leverage at best on the image and story developed through the years. They would also be able to secure the job for all the employees who were fundamental in the reaping of the firm. This strategy wouldnt prevent the founders to sell the company in the future, after further increasing its valuation.2. Refusing to sell shares would mean turning down fast growth opportunities and it would be nasty to access the multi-serve distribution, which offers the highest growth possibilities. Furthermore they would not be able to decrease their cost structure, exposing them to the take a chance of being taken down on price emulation by large firms. Finally, there is no certainty that the valuation of the company will increase in the future and an opportunity of selling on these lucky condition may not happen again. B. Go public and do an IPO1. This strategy would represent a fast way of gaining money to invest for growth while at the same time keeping a reasonable degree of control over the company by having a large identification number of shareholders with few shares. The further growth of the company would permit Azzarello Chang Chemali PalluaEntrepreneurial Management Case 11 NantucketEoS, thus driving down the costs. In addition, the New Age drinks exertions favorable market conditions would help increase the valuation of the company on the stock market. 2. An IPO would obviously entail the risk of beingacquired by an undesired company. The process of contacting an investment bank and define valuation would be costly and timeconsuming. In addition, the short-term profits demanded by the investors would be in credit line with the long term orientation of the company. Finally, market conditions may change and this could be a source of stress for the founders and the employees. C. Sell the whole company or dower of it to an established firm1. Theres a big interest in the company at the moment, and this can initiate a bidding process that can further drive valuation up. Many of the possible investors are highly attracted by the industry and, due to a strong need to complement their product portfolio with a New Age product some of them may bid high. Beside money and an improved cost structure, large companies could provide access to a broad distribution network, supermarkets and shelf-space as well as know-how. The founders and their associate still own large part of the company and can leverage on that to keep some control after selling.2. The other side of the coin would be for the fo unders to lose substantial control over the company after the acquisition. There is also the risk of losing the culture that has characterized and differentiated the firm throughout the years, providing a main source of competitive advantage. In addition, the company could be acquired by a big company with low reputation and this could result in a bad image transfer. Finally, the highly valued employees might be affected by the outcomes of the acquisition.III. RecommendationTo grow business without losing control and company culture, Nantucket should sell its shares to an established company, gaining resources for working out as well securing their intangible asset. Getting momentum for growingBeing a small company in growing and competitive industry, selling the company enables Nantucket to scale up their business by leveraging the expertise of bidder, including distribution capability, financial strengthand management. Compared to IPO, this approach allows Nantucket to receive r esources for expansion as well as cash inflow. This strategy aligns with the vision of founders for long-term operation goal that would level up the business to a more sustainable level while keeping control of founders on the company.Start developing their own taskforceThe bidding combines the mutual interests for bidders to penetrate the market and for Nantucket to grow in the market. Current short letter creates a favorable buying condition and bargaining power for Nantucket which would minimize the loss of control so that Nantucket could still preserve their most important asset of business, the unique brand image and culture. With this good position, Nantucket should carefully choose bidders by to find the expertise that could be leveraged and match their strategic goal.Successful experience of Ben & Jerry and ZapposThe case of Ben& Jerry acquired by Unilever and Zappos acquired by Amazon are two successful precedents of this strategy. After acquisition, these two companies we re able to operate separately with bidders and secure their valuable intangible assets as well. Ben & Jerry unplowed running by its social responsibility philosophy and Zappos continued to operate as an independent entity from Amazon, both preserve the intangible asset like brand image and company philosophy.Azzarello Chang Chemali Pallua

Samsung Corpotate Strategy

Samsung Comp both Overview Samsung come with is a instauration leader in digital technology innovation. Samsung believes in innovation and outride to assure after the new technology to grow their business. I believed that comp some(prenominal) wanted to build a market in which customers atomic number 18 more loyal to the Samsung brand and trust in the frame of Samsung. SAMSUNG is dedicated to devel-oping innovative technologies and efficient processes that create new markets, enrich peoples lives, and continue to make Samsung a digital leader http//www. samsung. com/hk_en/images/aboutnew/corporateprofile/title_txt. if Samsung accomplished its success through the dodging of how to manage creativity, partnership with venders, and talent. Samsung is not only expanding in electronics hardly a wish well expanding into other industries such as health care, medicine, and biotechnology. Samsungs mission and vision will make Samsung a cutting edge follow. I would say Samsung is the former of the future of electronics. Samsung is among the worlds top five electronics brand and has $400 billion in revenue. The mission of the company explain everything As stated in its new motto, Samsung Electronics vision for the new decade is, Inspire the World, Create the Future. This new vision reflects Samsung Electronics commitment to inspiring its communities by leveraging Samsungs three key strengths sunrise(prenominal) Technology, Innovative intersection points, and Creative Solutions. and to promoting new value for Samsungs core networks Industry, Partners, and Employees. Through these efforts, Samsung hopes to contribute to a divulge world and a richer experience for all (http//www. samsung. com/us/aboutsamsung/corporateprofile/vision. html) little and macro environment for Samsung globally Porters five forces The Threats of new entrantsThere is always a potential threat for Samsung that a new company will enter into the market. Most of the companies find outs ourcing company in China and label its brand. Only thing they eat up to do is to formulate a marketing strategy and dissemination channel. Todays global economy is depended on China. China is called worlds factory. Most of the products are manufactured at very small(a) hail in China. Electronic companies ilk HP, SONY, DeLL, Gateway, Apple, and many a(prenominal) others engaged Chinas manufacturing industry. So there is always a threat of new entrants into the electronics market. MANILA, Philippines The Philippine electronics industry attracted $2. 477 billion in fresh investments in 2011, the highest ever, and the new projects are expected to generate an estimated $5 billion in additional export revenues p.a. once they go into full commercial operation (http//www. abs-cbnnews. com/business/02/21/12/electronics-industry-attracts-24b-investment). The Bargaining business leader of Buyers Electronic world is changing everyday and in the market there are many types and many ver ities to pick one from. Even its very difficult for a customer to find the better one with very competing prices to each others.Most of the individuals are price sensitive they can check the prices on line and fine the cheapest price before do any decision. Institutional buyers are more tone sensitive than price. Most of the companies focus on corporate customers. There is a completion in the market. The Bargaining Power of Suppliers Intel is leading in microprocessors it provided 85% of CPU so the power of suppliers is high because of low number of competitors in the market. Different companies train different kind of products. gruelling disk producers are many in the market. The power of suppliers is quite low because of many competitors in the market.Threats of Substitutes In the changing technology world, there are many substitutes available to the customers to choose one. Companies like Samsung have to keep the quality and price up to the customer expectation. Samsung shou ld understand the need and demand and desire of each ag throng of customer. Samsung interviewed customers to check the water. The Intensity of Rivalry among Competitors Samsung group has many competitors in the global electronic world. The brand name competitors of the Samsung are LG, SK, Matsushitsa, Micron, Sony, Apple, Kyobo Life Insurance, Meiji Life Insurance, Sumitomo Life Insurance, Hp, Dell.SWOT analytic thinking of Samsung Strengths Electronics Product line and investment in other industries such as life insurance and biotech etc. Heavy investment into R and marketing strategies. Company has more than one dozen R centers roughly the world and its 138000 R team members are working hard for the companys success. Leader in electronics especially in cell phone and more or less 60 other products. For example DVD, Ac, LCD, and Refrigerators etc. Supplier of HD, DRAM, SDRAM, Memory Sticks, and semiconductors. Decision making process of the company. Samsung provide better guaran tee and service than its competitors.Weakness Some of the Samsung products are not user friendly. This factor is keeping Samsung behind in the Global electronics market. For congressman there are many draw back in digital camera Samsung S860. First of all the lens of this camera turn off mechanically after 30 seconds. Company invested too much into the R but need to spend on marketing. Competitors spent on advertisement heavily but Samsung cant explain introduce its products via advertisements. Need to improve the battery life of many of its products. Opportunities Globally the demands for electronics are increasing quickly.In the digital world everyone like to have his or her own cell phone and a laptop. Need more production according to the market. Market share can be change magnitude in ASEAN regions, it is increased by 32. 7% during the year 2006. Cell phone market is very big and expanding by the time, this is the industry where Samsung should invest more. Samsung has the com petitive prices. The growth markets like India, China and Brazil are very price sensitive. Threats Prices of the electronics are decreasing 10% annually that is a threat to most of the electronic producer in the industry. Entry of new products every day. Green products and environmentalists organizations. Restrictions on usage of lead, cadmium, mercury and flame retardants products. R need to pay attention while ontogenesis a new product previously Samsung paid $134 million Inter Digital because Samsung lost a distinct dispute. Similarly Ericson filed a lawsuit against Samsung. Counterfeiting products are the major problem for any company in the world. Duplicate products annually revenue is more or less U$500. Its always a threat when outsourcing any product to a country like China where law is not well implemented to protect the patent rights.Samsung and Business Environment of Canada Study shows that Canadian customers prefer a better quality than price. Customer demands better guarantees and return policies. Canadian population is considered one of the enlightened nations in the world. Canadians welcome new technologies and love to learn. Sony is the first one who invented color television, and played a leading role in the world of electronics. Most of the Canadians like Sony brand and pay the high price. Sony is very much dominated the Canadian market, the price is high and products have conventional design.Samsung can penetrate the market with better advance stylish designs and lower price and better guarantees. I believed that will take time to take over the Canadian market. Weve been No. 1 in TVs since 2006 in Canada, Politeski says. In Canadian living rooms, there are an awful lot of Samsung TVs. So the brand name whether its on TVs or appliances or mobile phones, any of our product categories continues to grow momentum, and consumers perform more and more interested in it. How do you become No. 1 in any category? Attention to what the customer t hinks is most important (http//business. financialpost. om/2012/05/01/samsung-aims-to-dethrone-apple-in-smartphone-market/). With Sony Canadians have no other choice if SECA use a right marketing strategy its possible that Samsung can win people opinion and market share. SECA should carefully formulate strategy on the target market, segmentation and repositioning the product. SECA can use demographic segmentation and divide market into four groups. Low income families, group of people who are price sensitive. High income families, group of people who prefer quality over the price. Young generation group, who prefer new innovations and technology advancements.They buy products when it comes first in market and pay the full price. The old generation group those people buy when they need and are very price sensitive. Business user group those people are less price sensitive than quality, customized products and guarantees. Hobbyists is a group who like to buy new innovations which can satisfy their hobby quest. SECA can differentiate its products from others buy innovating user friendly and cost effective products for everyone. SECA should listen their corporate customers and customize their product according to their needs. Canadian expansion strategy will be on full display.Following in the footsteps of rivals Sony and Apple, Samsung plans to open several stand-alone retail locations across the country, as the company attempts to strengthen its direct relationship with consumers (http//business. financialpost. com). SECA should use 4Ps of marketing to achieve success in Canadian market. Product brand strength could be achieved by producing better products and user friendly products. It could be done by producing stylish and durable cell phones, brighter and bigger tight screen TVs, cost effective, energy efficient, durable AC, refrigerators, and other electrical home appliances.Place Samsung should open its own retail stores across the country. Currently Sams ung use distribution channels those are Best Buy, etc. Samsung should use online and on site distribution channels. Price There are variance in the Samsungs prices and discounts which creates astonishment in the market. Samsung have to pay attention on the pricing strategy of its products. Promotion Samsung should invest more in advertisement and promotion in Canada. With the divine service of advertisements a company conveys its message to the customers.A right advertisement and promotion would be a key to success in the Canadian market. Canada could be a tinder market for Samsung if the company will not redesign its marketing strategy. Canadians are more loyal to SONY brand. To compete the electronic giant like SONY, Samsung should adopt a better strategy that produce a better product, price, placement and promotion. Samsung Corporate and Global Strategy I agreed more or less with the Samsungs corporate strategy and global strategy. There are few steps need to take in Samsungs corporate and global strategy.I will discourse about why I like Samsungs corporate and global strategy. Business Wire of Boston writes about Samsung that it took the 25% of the market share and was head teacher performing during the first quarter of the year 2012. I believe that Samsung is doing something right at the corporate and global level the reason why company became the worlds number one had set vendor. BOSTON(BUSINESS WIRE)According to the latest research from Strategy Analytics, global handset shipments grew a modest 3 percentage annually to reach 368 million units in the first quarter of 2012.Samsung was the star performer during the quarter, capturing a record 25 percent market share to become the worlds number one handset vendor for the first time ever (http//www. businesswire. com). At first Samsungs business model was to produce more mobile phone in number, they pay less attention to the quality. By the time Samsung decided that company should produce not only sum of money but also better quality to compete in the global market. They accomplished this dream with their vision Leading the Digital Convergence Revolution(www. samsung. com).Chairman of the company Mr. Lee played a dynamic role in the success of Samsung. During the revolutionary strategic change in the company he said that we have to change everything only we will keep our children and wives. It sounds funny but the Chairman Lee changed everything in the company. The new strategy strived more on better look and quality than quantity. The design advisor Tom Hardy helped Mr. Lees vision to accomplish. Companys designers had been sent to different fashion and design companies around the world to have a better perspective about the global design.Samsung took advantage from its design centers around the world and become a global electronics name that consumer trust and like. If money was the answer to innovation then Samsung Electronics would certainly rank among the best in the world. Samsung spent 10 trillion won ($9 US billion) on research and development in 2011 (http//www. vancouversun. com) Samsung can produce in house semiconductors, LCD screens, and memory plant. This is the reason why company can independently, cost effectively, and

Enron’s Collapse Essay

Enrons Collapse In the case of Enrons collapse, many would blame the external auditors collusion with the centering, the aggressive accounting form _or_ system of government it had adopted to manipulate its earnings or the Special Purpose Entity (SPE) it had created as a sham to conceal its debts. However, everything began from an internal environment with weak controls. The internal environment is the capstone of all other components within an nerves ERM framework, influencing strategy regulateulation, heading setting, as well as happen management. The internal environment is largely shaped by the tone at he top.And in the case of Enron, its trial was primarily attri onlyable to the board and managements calamity to take responsibility for the risks inherent in the companys business plan and strategy. various(a) elements of the internal environment had contributed to Enrons failure. Risk Management Philosophy and Risk Appetite Enron had a huge risk appetite which can be se en from its wild trading activities as well as the use of mark-to-market accounting and SPE to manipulate earnings and conceal debts. The source of revenue was vague and highly volatile. It was almost uniform Enron was engaged in gambling.However, well knowing the nature of income, the management still continued to carry out such activities. Managements huge risk appetite reassured the employees that Enron could easily handle these risks. Hence, everyone in Enron became risk-seeking. Board of Directors Attitudes One of the core principles of Anglo-American corporate governance is that the board should maintain a sound dodging of internal control to safeguard shareholders investment and the companys assets. Enrons board had defended itself by laiming that they had no idea about the unethical directs Enrons management was involved with.However, the board had, in the first place, failed to make an appropriate assessment of the risks to which the company was exposed of. And it did n ot put in place the procedures by which it could line up the information needed to oversee and monitor the management. Moreover, the independence of the board was also questionable as they allowed own conflict of interest to get in the modal value of their monitoring role. The board members received substantial payments for consultancy service apart from their directors fees.In addition, they were indirectly compensated by receiving gifts made by Enron to their universities and hospitals. As a result, the failure of boards monitoring role further weakened the internal control of Enron. Integrity and Ethical Values Integrity and standards of behavior are undeniable for the organization to achieve an internal environment with strong controls. There should be a strong corporate Enrons corporate culture was usually exposit as arrogant, where everyone in the company, employees, managers or directors, believed that they could handle ncreasingly toxic risk without danger of going bust.B esides the arrogance, greed was as well evident across the organization. tiptop executives made use of mark-to- market accounting and SPE to manipulate earnings and conceal debts in order to further enrich their compensation which was tied to the performance of the company. apex executives actions of striving to enrich personal wealth rather than generate profits for shareholders had set the tone at the top which in repeal led to employees efforts of maximizing individual wealth instead of creating value for the ompany as a whole.Assignments of Authority and Responsibility Corporate officers owe fiduciary duties to the organization, hence they must(prenominal) act in the best interest of the company and avoid incidences where conflicts of interest would arise. Although this is not enforced by legislation, it is normally set out in the organizations own code of conduct. A strong code of conduct is a critical element of assignments of authority and responsibility, not only in form but in substance as well. And Enron indeed had such code of conduct, explicitly restraining self-dealing.FastoWs involvement in LJM SPEs management would amount to self-dealing, which was a subject breach of Enrons code of conduct. However, the board had waived it under Ken Lays advice. Therefore, it can be seen that the tone at the top made Enrons code of conduct form over substance, which as well contributed to the failure Human Resource Standards Jeffery Skilling was usually credited with creating a system of forced rankings for employees, under which the bottom 20% was regularly dismissed on the basis of performance rankings drawn up by peers and superiors.Whereas those remained ere rewarded with stock options and performance-based increments. Thus employees attempted to crush not Just outsiders but also each other. And it is not surprising that they would keep silent even that they well knew about the unethical behavior of management. As a result, the ranking policy contribut ed to the diminishing of the organizations transparency and a widening communication gap between the board and the rest of the organization, making it even harder for the board to efficaciously carry out the monitoring role.

Paleolithic Societies

Although the San and the Chumash were some(prenominal) hunter-ga therers, their culture and lifestyle had significant differences. Many cultures around the world had their fair share of differences. If you look closer though, you can find certain patterns that occur in many of the first societies that emerged in the world. Even these days, you can find the same types of patterns in people. The San lived in Southern Africa. They are also known as Bushmen, Sho, Barwa, Kung, or Khwe.Their lifestyle consisted of much leisure prison term, and the children did nothing but play. Women were greatly respected and admired in the San culture. The women would take part in both gathering and hunting, but mainly gathering. They used everything very wisely, including parts of ostrich eggs to hold fluids. Overall, the San were your typical hunter-gatherer rules of order of the Paleolithic era. The Chumash lived in Southern California. They were also a hunter-gatherer society. They also were very good fisherman.They painted on cave walls and or so of the drawings are still there today. Some of the Chumash settlements are believed to be over 10,000 years old. They were visited by the Spanish, which brought many diseases to the Chumash. They were also believed to be visited by Polynesians. Comparing these two cultures, we can see some similarities and many differences. They were both hunter-gatherer people. As their main food sources migrated, they followed along with them. Some differences would be that they lived in completely different parts of the world.The San did not fish, yet the Chumash did. They both have many more similarities and differences. The cultures I have compared and contrasted are only two of the many Paleolithic societies out there. They all can be accepted by their hunting and gathering ways. They followed their food, and obviously made it work for themselves. I think it would be an interesting journey to go back in time and see how they lived and inte racted with each other before the emerging of some of the technology that is common to us today.

Erving Goffman And His Legacy To The Modern Sociology Essay

Human beings be stage performers and gracious carriage is c submited on performing our culturall(a)y defined fronts (Goffman, Erving, 1959 p. 22). Initially found himself running(a) with the National Film Board in Ottawa from1943 to 1944, young Goffman discovered his special saki in sociology (Manning, Philip 1992, p. 53). Erving was the son of a shopkeeper named Max and Anna, a plain ho intakewife. Ervings parents are Jewish nationals but were driven by fate to Canada in 1897 when the Ukrainians were forced to evacuate to run away from the violence of the First World War.Born on June 11, 1922 in Manville, Alberta, Erving has the natural inclination for natural sciences, which was plausibly enhanced, or shall we feel out suggested by his decision to attend St. John Technical High School in Dauphin. Raised from a poor family of Ukrainian immigrants, his family can just now afford to send him to the University of Manitoba to pursue an undergraduate degree in Chemistry.Although his biography did not expressly revealed relevant information, this writer speculates that his earnings with his temporary work out in the National Film Board could realise been genius of his tickets which gave him an access to the University of Toronto to pursue his now increasing interests and sociology and anthropology. After graduating in 1945, Goffman went to graduate school at the University of scratch where he, according to Manning, had taken numerous courses (Manning, Philip 1992, p. 99). Nonetheless, he has completed his graduate studies in 1949.His frustration with the results of his quantitative analysis of his maters thesis could cause been one of the reasons, if there be anything else, for Erving to use employ qualitative analysis and reasoning for his workings. According to Mannings narration, Goffman failed to use the quantitative analysis method called Thematic Apperception judge (G. Smith, 1999 in Manning, Philip). Ervings thesis was then about quantitatively analyzing the responses of the middle class women in shekels over the famous radio soap opera entitled, Big Sister.Goffman immediately pursued his doctorate studies at the University of Chicago wherein he studied the flavor in the Island of Unst, a small community similarly known as Dixon (P. Manning). He focused his dissertation on the complaisant interaction of the masses in the small island where he stayed from 1949 to 1951. Instead of returning to Chicago, Goffman flew to Parish and returned to Chicago to get married. There are writers observations that say that Goffman gained his initial prominence in the community not as sociologist but as poor boy who radically transformed into a wealthy individual.As Manning noted, Through both education and marriage, he was now part of an intellectual and economic elect. This writer finds it important to confront into the background of Goffmans wife, Angelica Choate because this woman may have also tactical manoeuvreed an importa nt role in Goffmans transformation to elite life. Choate was from elite American family who has connections with media companies. Choate was just 23 when she get married with Goffman whom she met at the University of Chicago. The two just got one child, Tom who was born in 1953.Meanwhile, Goffman completed his doctorate studies at the University of Chicago in 1949 and 1953 in sociology and social anthropology respectively (Blackwood, Diane B. 1997). Like all separate theorists, sociologists or scientists, Goffman was never an exemption to criticisms. I would say that he has as gained appreciation and criticisms for every work he had accomplished. There is one thing that one critique has noted of Goffman he never named any of his theories, which is unusual in the field (Schweingruber 1994).One observer of Goffman also stressed that Erving was one kind of writer who never cites his influences (Miller, Dan E. ). This then suggests that Goffman real would want to be noticed or recogn ized as an original writer and of course a sociologist who developed his own and original theories. Goffmans famous book entitled Asylums which was published in 1961 might have been conceived when he worked at the Saint Elizabeths Hospital at the time Goffman and his family moved to Washington D. C.Three years after working with sociological studies funded by the National Institute of Mental Health, Goffman then secured work at the University of California in Berkeley on January 1958 (D. Blackwood, 1997).After some other three years, Goffmans credentials might have been recognized by the academy and was then promoted as a full professor at the said University. It is also base hit to abide that his book Asylums had helped him get the said position after it was published a year before his promotion.In just a decade, that is from 1959-1969, Goffmans schoolman achievements were already worth noting in the history of sociology after publishing seven remarkable books (Burns, Thomas 19 92, p. 81). If we are to look into the other side of Goffmans life, we go forth see that he was not at all focused on writing books and like other intellectuals, the sociologist also had other leisure activities that he probably had loved as much as he loved his career. Historical data revealed that Goffman was also in loved with antiques and had been addicted to playing blackjack and poker.What is raise in these revelations is that these addictions did not at all paint a bad color on his reputation as sociologist. In fact, these had opened the opportunity for Goffman to enter and analyze the world of the gamblers. Performing regularly as a blackjack dealer at the Station Plaza Casio in Las Vegas, Erving, later promoted as a Pit Boss, it turned out that he had seriously considered to do an ethnographic work and completed a research project on the social life of gamblers. It was just sad to know that none of his works relative to this area was published.It was not all however well and good for Goffman. Behind his success in his career, he had experienced a tragic end of his wifes life when the latter killed herself in 1964. It was after this event that Goffmans tragic life behind his success was revealed especially his pains in taking care of his psychogenicly-ill wife. All of his pains, frustrations and bitterness on the death of his beloved wife have been reflected in his book entitled The Insanity of Place which was published five years after the death of his wife.At the time he was probably recovering from losing his wife, Goffman fatigued time working at the Harvard Center for International Affairs with Thomas Schelling from 1966. Two years after, he had to resign from the University of Berkeley as a professor. In 1968 he was appointed as the Benjamin Franklin Chair in Sociology and Anthropology at the University of Pennsylvania. Because his appointment was opposed by the faculty of the sociology department of the said institution, he was transferred t o the office of the anthropological Museum where he enjoyed working.While working at the Museum, Erving had productive time as evidenced by several, and well-noted books were published in his name. In 1969, he published strategical Interaction with his other two papers in game theory, Relations in Public in 1971, Frame Analysis in 1974, Gender Advertisements in 1979 and Forms of Talk in 1981. After having his daughter Alice with his new wife Gillian Sankoff whom he married in 1981, Erving died of stomach cancer on November 20, 1982. At age 60, Goffman could have written and published more than books should he not had cancer.In fact he was just been elected as the President of the American Sociological standoff on the year of his death. He was not able to deliver his presidential address which he prepared for several weeks. Nonetheless, his draft was read at the yearly meeting of the said organization which he had entitled The Interaction Order. One of the most controversial work s of Goffman was his Gender Advertisements where most critics regarded it as a go for gallery and a magazine rather than a book. With about 500 advertising and news photographs, I would have to individualally agree with them.For others however, it is unique and typical sociological work that represents a rare and exemplary instance of an empirical study which treats photographic materials as data, worthy of analysis in their own right, and not merely a handy illustrative resource intended only to vivify the serious business of analysis accomplished by the written textual matter (Ball & Smith, 1992). Gender Advertisements is actually album- coatd book, with 56 of its 84 pages contains sets of photographs arranged in a way that they are supposed to be read if it they are in magazines and where each(prenominal) set has a commentary.First published in the United Kingdom, Gender Advertisements gained wide controversy with its cover featuring two female models posed in a manner contr ived to be alluring to the male gaze (V. Gornick, 1979, p. 18). Other critics regarded it as an example of the use of women as sex-objects to promote the sale and Goffman made use of around useful hints in this study of the advertisers trade (P. Hunt, 1980, p. 443). Despite this, I regarded the book, although it did not look like based on its size and bulk picture contents, as something worth an objective analysis of what it had to say about human life.Gender Advertisements had in its own right established its theatrical role of revealing the realities of advertising trade and that those exploited pictures show evidences of gender role stereotyping. What could have been the reasons for its gained controversy are the interests of those in the advertising trade in victimization such as a communicative process. One of the bad realities in the world is that once you got something done that touches the interests, or ego of the others, you will surely have to face and endure the pains o f skepticism because what it more painful is to hear the truth.For Goffman, the differential treatment of males and females is often justified by folk beliefs which presume some essential biological differences between the sexes (Gornick, p. 55). He however stressed that biology has nothing to do or at least cannot explain nor determine social practices. He sees biological and natural consequences relative to the differences between male and female as mere excuses for honoring and producing such differences.In his book Behavior in Public Places published in 1963, Goffman established the three types of co-presence namely gathering, situation and social occasion. Goffman regarded gathering as the coming together of two or more persons while situation happens when there the mutual monitoring of the persons involved. On the other hand, a social occasion takes place when there is the presence of the props or special equipment and is bounded by time and space. From here, we can already se e how Goffman background in theatre humanistic discipline had influenced his work and they way he sees human existence.Meanwhile, the significance of such types of co-presence identified by Goffman is that they each present a pattern of communication traffic order which he termed as situational properties (Goffman, Erving 1963, p. 24). In all these situations, Goffman saw the necessity of interaction, either as focused on unfocused wherein people read each other through body idiom and comprehend involvement (Goffman, p. 14). He also recognized the presence of the dominant and subordinate groups involved in such interactions and the attention one draws against the other.These are actually simpleton observations of the daily routine of people yet these simple interactions are realities of life that only few like Goffman paid attention to. Moreover these simple observations are realities from which we can base our analysis of more complex situations. In short, Goffman has done the si mple and the basic for us to have a building block to meet the more complicated ones. Probably a product of his working experience with Saint Elizabeths Hospital, Asylum was one of Goffmans til now controversial works.It was regarded as highly unusual it provides very little detailed information about the hospital rather it conveys a tone of life (Fine and Martin 1990, p. 93). This book featured the incorrupt career of the mental patient because it contained an analysis of his life as a pre-patient, an in-patient and his being an ex-patient (Ibid, p. 89). According to Goffman, a mental patients life begins with the lese majesty funnel wherein the family and the people he is most closed with conspire against him by questioning his actions.These people then decide to have the patient to be housed in the mental institution where everything in their daily lives will be regulated and any violation of such rules will be punished. Those whom the psychiatrists have seen good style will be transferred to the ward system indicating an improvement. Goffmans observation that mental institutions are forcing houses for changing people can be justifiable based on the mentioned processes. They are actually being forced to changes because primarily they are subject to rules and regulations of the institution thereby losing their innate freedom to decide for themselves.However, I would argue that these people are subjected to such rules and with their state of mind, they cannot obviously decide for themselves, or if they can, it would not likely be good for them. The book was controversial because Goffman attacked the procedures psychiatrists undergo in treating the mental patients that such procedures are considered by Goffman as a mere misunderstanding of the patients behaviors which psychiatrists regarded as evidences of mental illness (Manning, Philip 1992, p. 183).The same concepts and theories lay in his book firebrand which was published in 1963. Stigma, according to Goffman is a deeply discrediting attribute in the context of a set of relationships (Goffman, 1963 p. 3). In this book, he has identified three types of fool as abominations of the body, blemishes of character and tribal stigma (ibid, p. 4). In his analysis, stigmatized persons try to make use of techniques in controlling information. What is bad about it is that these techniques are discrediting and undisclosed and therefore can cause damage to the person.Such damaging information, according to Goffman is critical for three aspects of our personal identity the personal, the social and the ego (ibid, p. 57). Goffman defined personal identity as those attributes that make us unique with that of the others while our social identity is what others understand about us, identified by the characteristics of the group by which we belong. On the other hand, our ego identity refers to what we think about ourselves (Ibid, p. 69).In the Presentation of Self in Everyday Life published in 1959, Goffmans theatre arts engagement is more evident wherein he lay out six general themes of human beings face-to-face interaction. The central themes in the book are the performance, the team, the region, unfitting roles, communication out of character and the impression management (Barnhart, Adam, 1994). In this book, Goffman considered human beings as performers enacting rehearsed lines and roles in places that are carefully constructed in order to maximize the potential difference for deception (Blackwood, Diane B. 997).Goffmans ten year effort of writing Frame Analysis is worth the sweat as it was considered his crowning achievement when published in 1974 (Manning, Philip 1992, p. 121). In this book, Erving p hardeningted human experiences into frames wherein an organizational experience could have been a joke, a lesson, an invitation or a warning. Goffman also underscored that in human experience, actions which he called frames can be misleading since not all what people sees as for example a fight can only in fact a joke, or vice versa.In short, there are actions that can only be considered as fabrications. The same theme as with the Frame Analysis, Goffman published another book entitled Forms of Talk in 1981. It has five essays that convey only one theme the footing of talk which is portrayed or displayed by the person during his course of conversation with others. In Frame Analysis, Goffman has integrated the concepts of individual and social behavior while analyzing the interaction of both.As one writer saw this work as something that has a direct correlation with Perceptual Control Theory because of the presence of concepts of acts although Goffman considered them as guided doings (Miller, Dan E. ). Miller stressed that Goffman wanted to emphasize the fact that the actions of a person are guided by their expected or desired results of such actions. A serial management of consequentiality is sustained, that is, continuous tonic control, becom ing most apparent when action is unexpectedly blocked or deflected and special compensatory effort is required (Goffman, 1974 p. 2).It is just surprising to know that Goffman insisted on his non-interest in understanding individual behavior rather on social behaviors. However Goffman might have realized that he has to in his statement I assume that the proper study of interaction is not the individual and his psychology None the less, since it is individual actors who contribute the ultimate materials, it will always be reasonable to use up what general properties they must have if this sort of contribution is to be expected of them (Goffman 1974, p. 2).One critic of Goffman however argued that it takes a self not necessarily an ethnomethodologist or a sociologist to see a self (Travers, Andrew 1997). Travers further argued that it is first important to know the public self before one could fully understand the full-page of society. This however makes sense of the issue. Accord ing to Travers, it not at all scientific to analyze the self by seeing others and then compare these to his own. In my opinion, it still make sense to compare ones self to others in order to clearly see what makes him or her different or the same with others.I would say that an assurance of objective evaluation of the self is hard to attain if Travers is suggesting that it does not take an expert (sociologist or ethnomethodologist) to make the analysis. Let us say that I see myself as morally upright because I have compared myself with that of the criminals. But if I am to compare myself with those who does not even take the heroism to lie, then I might come up with a different evaluation of myself. The point is, there is subjectivity in comparing oneself to others so it really takes someone who is more qualified to understand what is really going on with the self.Erving Goffman, however controversial his works maybe, had been generally a man worthy of noting in the history of soci ology. Although he had undoubtedly, as had been presented in this paper, gained too many criticisms in his ideas and concepts on human experiences, what he had conceptualized and written were realities of life that man has somehow had to accept. running(a) mostly on typical and everyday human interaction, Goffman was able to present complex analyses of simple events that became bases for others in the same field.We have also observed that his works primarily was influenced by his personal experiences as a boy rose in a poor family, worked hard and became economically and academically successful. His developed interests in theatre arts had him benefited in analyzing facts of life of which he regarded as stage play where human beings are actor and actresses in a stage play with different and distinctive roles. Goffman in his own right has been a successful man in his own field. For those who are in the same field, Goffman had contributed a lot it the development of modern sociologica l theories which are evidently being used today.

Should Obese People Pay Higher Health Insurance Premiums?

Writing Assignment 3 Should enlarge people pay uplifteder health redress premiums than people who atomic number 18 not orotund? Rishard Rheyas Obesity has become a serious problem with more than than angiotensin-converting enzyme third of adults being heavy in the United States. Obesity is seen as a self-destructive behavior accompanied with smoking and employ of other drugs gum olibanum, government officials and other business bureaucrats expressed the invite to impose higher(prenominal) health insurance policy premiums on the pear-shaped.Obesity is not always due to the personal behavior of people and can be coupled with the purlieu and genetics I personally feel that obese people should not pay a higher health insurance premium compared to those that arent. Government officials and other business bureaucrats expect that raising the health insurance premiums for the obese would help reduce the mortality and overall health of the counattempt however harmonize to a s tudy, one-on-ones with lower BMIs tend to associate themselves with less(prenominal) favorable health conditions and mortality rates as compared to those with high BMIs.The body mass index (BMI) assesses ones body free weight relative to height. The weight in kilograms is divided by height in meters squared (kg/m2). It correlates highly with body fat in most people hence is a useful, indirect measure of body composition. According to look into carried out by the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), with increasing weight the risk of diseases also increases including cancer, stroke, coronary thrombosis heart disease etc. A BMI between 25. 0 and 30. 0 is defined to be lowering and a BMI of over 30. is defined to as obesity (30 or more pounds overweight). Overweight and obesity closure form an energy imbalance which involves consuming too many calories as compared to the amount of physical natural process one does. The question lies on whether this issue is mainly be cause of psychological factor beyond an individuals control or personal choices made by the obese individual. Genetics and the environment do race a huge role in this however it also deals with the personal choices made by that situation individual.David Zinckenko argues in his article dont blame the eater, that it is a matter of personal responsibleness just can sympathize with the obese individuals as there is a lack of alternatives and information regarding immobile food consumption. Society in the United States has raised concern about healthy diets, providing alternatives sources of food but unfortunately at a cost. The increase cost for a healthy diet dissuades teenagers from eating healthier food thus without a change of environment it can result in a sprightliness of obesity. David Zinckenko briefly brings in the comparison with the automobile industry.The automobile insurance is significantly high for most high end vehicles and also for the younger generation. This is mainly because the higher end vehicles have a definite grapheme of brand value and reputation as with certain big health insurance companies. The youth are charged higher automobile insurance as they are more prone to accidents as suggested with smokers and obese individuals with diseases. The government and other respective officials imposing this would mean that obesity is termed a disease which would force individuals to try to become thinner.This could lead to dangerous diseases such as anorexia. The difference is mainly because health insurance has a closer link to our economy and human life as compared to automobile insurance. Individuals should be softenn rights to find what they would like as with the automobile insurance wherein individuals choose a higher end car thus pay a greater insurance. With regard to obesity, this increase in health insurance would not give individuals a choice but force them into a system of hardship.Judt claims that throughout the middle deca des of the Twentieth snow society as a whole guaranteed certain rights for citizens without questioning the motivations or the morality of citizens. There has been increased support for self province and reduced expectations for handouts from the state since the 1980s. The current proposition to raise the insurance premiums for the obese questions the morality of the government officials involved as it forces individuals to change in order to fit into a certain framework of expectation.This is unfair and it deprives individuals of their freedom and rights to choose their way of life. Concerns regarding the health issue of obesity are justifiable however this type of proposition appears to be harsh and presumptuous. It comes down to the issue of state responsibility versus individual responsibility. The current issue at hand dealing with obesity is part of the states responsibility but is more about personal individual responsibility. The state should provide cheaper and healthy al ternatives as one of the major reasons for obesity is daily life.David Leonhardt argues that personal responsibility has become more complicated as our environment has changed. The present environment involves us prioritizing our work more than our health or anything else hence we become more unhealthy and obese. The solution to this is suggested to be beyond the control of an individual, if people want to become successful they need to work hard most of the time and that requires people choosing a certain type of lifestyle.Imposing higher insurance premiums would also be unfair to the obese as most obese individuals tend to earn less than their less obese counterparts. This increase in insurance would mean that individuals would have to lose their freedom and rights whilst woeful even more hardships trying to pay the health insurance. Controlling obesity can be through with(p) by implementing more healthy affordable alternatives and controlling the work environment rather than im posing higher insurance premiums and compromise on freedom.

John Stuart Mill and Jeremy Bentham

The idea of utilitarianism has been advocated by John Stuart move and Jeremy Bentham. Both thinkers base their theories of morality upon the Greatest Happiness Principle, or the principle of Utility. This principle is one that views trans transactions as right and moral to the extent that they promote delectation and exclude pain. It sees rightness and wrongness as alive on a continuum, upon which neither is necessarily exclusive of the other.Therefore, societys maximization of utility consists in the achievement of the highest possible concentration of pleasance while minimizing the amount of pain deriving from any action or law. Jeremy Bentham described the total recreation to be derived from an action as something that could be computed through tallying its intensity, duration, and the festinate with which the pleasure occurs after the act is performed. This computation would also include the likelihood of the pleasure to avoid defame or pain.Bentham also advocated a princi ple of utility that presents a balance in the midst of self-importance fire (or enlightened self interest) and altruism. In contrast to this, John Stuart tarrys surmise of utilitarianism introduced methods that would make altruism more likely to produce the greatest good than Benthams self-interested utilitarianism. As demonstrated earlier, Mills own version of utilitarianism is very similar to that of Jeremy Bentham. Yet, it does offer some very significant differences. One of the problems that utilitarianism faces is establish on one of its minor premises.While it might be possible to agree that actions should be performed based on their ability to secure the greatest happiness for the largest number of people, uncertainty often arises when one attempts to locate the action that in truth contains this merit. This is where Mills principle of utility deviates from Benthams. While Bentham, as stated above, advocated the idea of the quantification of happiness, Mills theory opera tes under the explicit assumption that quantification of pleasures is not always possible.According to Mill, the differences between some pleasures argon differences in kind and not of degree. Therefore, in several cases, qualitative (as opposed to quantitative) judgments have to be make between and among different pleasures. In such cases, Mill argues that only a person familiar with some(prenominal) fictional characters of pleasures would be qualified to pass judgment and declare one of higher value than another. This deviation from Benthams basic theory of utilitarianism allows Mill further leeway to introduce a major difference between the base pleasures of the body and the higher intellectual pleasures of the mind.These intellectual pleasures are ones that will allow for an altruistic type of utilitarianism. This type of utilitarianism has the ability to sacrifice the pleasure of the primary individual, when it has been determined that the sacrifice will lead to pleasure for a larger group of persons. In slight contrast to this, Benthams utilitarianism espouses the theory of enlightened self interest, which places the primary individual on the same level as all other individuals.While Benthams theory is not a completely self-interested theory, the theory of utility proposed by Mill gives the individual more independence and opportunity to make choices that are of benefit to others rather than himself. Primarily, Mill distinguishes between the types of behaviors that would promote such actions and actually gives more weight to the type of intellectual pleasure that may be derived from them. Therefore, the total happiness gained from self-immolation according to Bentham would amount to the aggregation of the bodily pleasures given to others by the primary persons sacrifice.According to Mill, however, the pleasure gained from that scenario would be even greater than computed by Bentham, as it would also consist of the greater intellectual pleasure gained by the person who acts sacrificially. It can therefore be concluded that Mills version of utilitarianism presents altruism as a method of accruing more happiness than that presented by Benthams versionwhich advocates enlightened self interest. Reference Authors Last Name. First Initial. (Year of publication). Morality and the human predicament. City of Publication Publisher.

Negotiations Between German Officials and Black September

The terrorists handed a communique to the police force, in it they de mankindded the hammock of more than twain carbon revolutionary prisoners from jails in Germany, Israel and else where. Black kinfolk spent weeks planning the assault on the Olympic Village but their original 9 a. m deadline for the release of the 200 prisoners was hopelessly optimistic. By 8. 45 a. m no progress had been made in meeting the demands of the terrorists and Olympic officials scrambled to secure a meeting with the terrorists in order to extend the deadline.A police officer Anneliese Graes who was acting as an intermediary set up a meeting between the terrorist leader Issa and a small delegation of senior German, Olympic and foreign officials. As these officials approached the building it was in truth clearly that the terrorists were in total control of the situation. When negotiators made their way to the scene they knew nothing about the terrorists except for what they could see. trine terrori sts were visible at any one magazine, Issa the leader of the group, his face blackened with shoe polish and two other gunmen who were seen pointing assault rifles from the windows of the hotel room.The Munich chief of police Schreiber said on the first floor balcony was a man wearing a balaclava and pointing a sub machine-gun towards us, towards me (p57) The negotiators were clearly mitting with a very small situation and the atmosphere between the men was described as incredibly tense. It was clear to Schreiber the chief of police that these were very dangerous men that they were dealing with. Not only were there two men on the balcony pointing guns at the negotiators but the leader, Issa had a hand grenade in his hand through-out the negotiations.Schreiber described the leader, Issa expressed his demands in a staccato manner and at times sounded like a fanatic or one of those plurality who arent completely anchored in reality or totally aware. He was very cool and very determi ned, clearly fanatical in his convictions Eventually the negotiators managed to convince Issa that the demands were being considered in Tel Aviv and Bonn and that the Israelis and Germans needed more time to locate and free all of the prisoners.Israel immediately told the German authorities that in line with their policies they would not harbor in to the terrorists demands the past Prime minister for Israel Golda Meir going on record saying If we should give in, then no Israeli anywhere in the world can feel that his life is safe, its squeeze of the worst kind. When it became clear to me the negotiation was fruitless I said to the leader (Issa) You know our recent history, what was through with(p) to the Jews by the Germans. You must understand that this makes the situation here particularly difficult. I said, why dont you let them go and take me instead. But he refused An unlimited sum of money as tumefy as German minister Hans-Dietrich Genscher was also offered in exchange for the the lives of the Iraeli hostages. According to the Iraeli chief of police Manfred Scrieber the terrorists responded by saying, It is not a question of money or substitute hostages but only of the two hundred prisoners In the opinion of Magdi Gohary an advisor to the Arab League who negotiated with the members of Black September for the release of the hostages the terrorists really believed in the mishap of their demands being met.In Goharys opinion at the time from a political point of view the release of over 200 extremist prisoners was 99. 9 percent unlikely he says I thought and remedy think that the Israelis would rather have let their whole athletic team be killed than let this take chances the negotiators tried to explain these things to Issa but he was very sceptical and dismissive. Israel however, remained adamant that no deal would be struck with the terrorists. To buy time the negotiators lied to the terrorists and told them that they were still awaiting word f rom Jerusalem.

Culture and Literature Essay

Humans are generally described as unique, not one of us are ever exactly the same to an different person. If we put a little logic, unique individuals make up societies, thus societies are in any case somehow unique to each early(a). Uniqueness is commonly regarded as a positive trait simply because it makes something fire. In many respects, the societies of the world would never run out of interesting things to share with each other. And among these interesting things, stories are seemingly the medium of communication that is enjoyed by all cultures.Moreover, comprehend to stories of a different culture make us learn something about that particular culture. This paper give feature the Chinese undefiled story locomote to the West by Wu Cheng-en. The story is about an epic adventure of a tamper with godlike strength able to withstand the 100,000-man army of the heavens. However, the monkey uses his superhuman strength for mischievous acts. As a punishment, Buddha had put a mountain on top of him. by and by so many years, the monkey fatefully meets a monk. The story teaches us how the Chinese views the aspects of loyalty, responsibility, spirituality, and many other aspects about the Chinese culture. Other cultures could learn many lessons from this Chinese classic such as discipline. Since the monkey was still behaving wildly even though he is freed, the monk had put a headband spell that would sire each time the monkey would act in an undisciplined manner.(Cheng-en 342) All in all Journey to the West by Wu Cheng-en is an action packed epic adventure that is also packed with valuable lessons. It could also be said that he popularity of this particular story had introduced China to the western world. In many respects, this classic of literature is Chinas gift to the world that the country is proud and willing to share with other cultures. Work Cited Cheng-en, Wu. Monkey Folk Novel of China. TN Grove Press. 1958

Alcon Gove PTY Limited

The economic valuation principles highlights the bottom livestock of any energy efficient or cost saving mea genuine that will determine whether to go along with a specific implementation (Anon n. d. ). The political party construes that in all cases when necessary they pr levelt, minimise, mitigate and remediate authority harmful effects of the Groups trading operations on the environment (Rio Tinto 2010). The company has been very much proactive with the computer programme of Greenhouse Challenge and since 2001 they even voluntarily submitted its annual greenhouse gas emissions inventory.Since Rio Tinto Alcan Goves operations as a whole expends a lot of energy they continuously identify energy power forward motion projects prior to the of the Energy Efficiency Opportunities Act (Australian presidential term Dept of resources, energy and Tourism 2009). According to the company on their Sustainable development review, their focus on providing sound governance and high stan dards of conduct in which they felt up that this would give a competitive advantage over the industry.They are an active member of the International Council on Mining and Metals (ICMM) for the purpose of providing leadership on scientific and policy matters, consistent communication with all stakeholders and recruit applying the sustainable development principles to promote best practice performance standards (Rio Tinto 2010). Just recently an example of this action was displayed.When the company plans to invest $340 million in a molybdenum induction, in which has the capability of processing a lower-grade molybdenum concentrate to be processed more efficiently than through conventional roasters, basically this facility is much more safer and reliable to use for its employees and produces a more high quality product that even its by-products can be utilized which will be also beneficial for Rio Tinto ( do Pulse 2010). 2- What will be the impact on the consumer of the product or serviceThe impact based on these strategies and policies employed internally by Alcan Gove will actually benefit all consumers for its products and services. By being cautious regarding safety and mitigating risks for environment, Rio Tinto displays its integrity by building this foundation of compliance with relevant local laws and regulations and international standards. Consumers tend to choose a company that offers a good quality product that also has done measures to ensure that overall business operations reduces or better yet prevent risks to safety and damaging effects on the environment.3-How might consumer behavior affects the businesss profitability in general terms Consumer behavior definitely has great effects on any overall business profitability. Peoples needs and expectations drive demand, and based on statistics on industries especially for developing economies the growth rate in terms of this market can be related to potential significant sales for Alcan Gove (Un ited Nations 2005).another(prenominal) thing that may impact demand is the perception of Alcan Goves consistent measures to ensure safety for its employees and reduction on environmental impacts, this will create a reflection on how implicated the company is on its surroundings which translates better to the behavior of overall consumers to purchase from them. 4-How could the business respond to these changes to minimise their impact and maximise the benefit to stakeholdersThe company should maintain their strategy on sustainable development, and guarantee that their operations and products as well will be continuously used and developed appropriately throughout their lifecycle. Another strategy that can be employed is on reduction of environmental footprint of their operations, which includes making sure that balancing the impact of overall operations with enhanced environmental outcomes, economic development and overall efficiency of operations.For various types of stakeholders, instant and significant monetary gains may not be expected as earlyish as now, but with the continuous improvements focusing on sustainable development and steady growth, stakeholders will run those rewards soon. References Anon (n. d). Economic Evaluation Principles. Online Available from . 27 May 2010 Rio Tinto. (2010). Environmental stewardship.Online Available from http//www. riotinto. com/ourapproach/17194_environmental_stewardship. asp 27 May 2010 Australian Government Dept of resources, Energy and Tourism (2009). Alcan Gove Pty Limited, Energy Efficiency Opportunities Public Report 2009. PDF United Nations (2005). World Population Prospects. PDF Utah Pulse. (2010). Rio Tinto to invest $340m in molybdenum facility. Online Available from . 27 May 2010

Libertarianism Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Libertarianism - Essay ExampleSoon, these rules became lawsmeant to maintain heartsease and order in the society. They serve as concrete guidelines on peoples actions, and as never-ending reminders that bad actions merit legal sanctions. As laws continue to develop in nature and content, it became more normative and controlling of peoples actions. As response, numerous ideologies have emergedprimarily aiming at reviving the warmheartedness of liberty. One of these ideologies is called libertarianism. On this essay, we will examine libertarianism in terms of its conceptual implications. After which, we will rear an analysis to be able to recommend needed alterations to tone its position. Libertarianism, as defined in the authorized website called Libertarianism, posits that man fully owns himself, and in effect, has the right to determine his own happiness. Self-ownership starts with the acknowledgement of the self as a separate and self-governing entity. The recognition of this specific uniqueness leads to an understanding of ones intrinsic worth(predicate) as a personthus, human dignity. ... In this light, through the actions taken, the ideal self-identity is slowly converted to a realistic self-image. Image is progress tod not by the deciding self but by the judgment of other selves. It is on this logic that the core teachings of libertarianism are grounded. It underscores mans responsibility in constructing his self-identity and in the actualisation of this identity through concrete actions. In short, libertarianism places man at the center of his happiness. In order to strengthen the conceptual implications of libertarianism, freedom is infused. Libertarianism posits the right of each man to complete freedom. Complete freedom, in this sense, pertains to the absence of foreign control. Thus, man not only has the right over his own life, but also has the right against any unwilled external control. Willing becomes an operative word in this sense s ince the responsibility to control or to lose control over ones life is determined ultimately by the self. Thus, for as long as there is consent, man may be subject to the control of other men. Slavery, in short, is approved by libertarianism if it becomes a consequence of free choice. Through this conceptual exploration of libertarianism, it is obvious that freedom is emphasized as the state of doing whatever one wants, for as long as it does not create harm on other people. However, careful analysis of its argumentation can help in detection some of its logical fallacies. The major fallacy is grounded on the definition of the human person. Although man is defined as a free beingwho is able to decide for his own happiness and must therefore be free from any unwilled imposition of other

Carr assignment Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Carr assignment - Essay specimenApplying this principle on successful companies like Boeing, Toyota, Pfizer etc., they have established their name not by magically injecting efficiency in their system, but by providing better products (capturing market share, non-IT competitive edges, price strategies etc.). Workers must forever learn new skills to keep up to date with changing engineering science (Morley 296).IT gadgets have been transformed from strategic resource to commodity products. At one time a company is proud of a IT innovation, and afterwards a few time, it found being ruined by lower middle class of the society, essence it is no longer expensive unique or unavailable.Technology is always taken up by firms. A lot of investment is ready for a new technology. Industries acquire technology but in that respect is very little research as to how technology actually provided a competitive advantage to a certain firm.The argument that technology gives a competitive edge to a firm is valid. Electricity is a classic example. However the fact ignored is indefinite reliability on a piece of technology is fatal for the corporate

The Measles, Mumps and Rubella Vaccine Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

The Measles, Mumps and Rubella Vaccine - Essay ExampleThe criticism is based on the possible side effects associated with the use of the vaccinumThe medical fraternity is in favor of the use of the MMR vaccinum but the general national has been conducting Anti-MMR campaigns in order to prevent its use. The reason for the criticism from the general public is the fear that exists among parents over the side effects of the vaccine on their children. Parents fear that the MMR vaccine may be the primary cause of autism among children (Newton, 2013, p. 90)Autism is a mental condition that usually affects individuals from childhood and causes difficulty in communicating and establishing bonds with other people. It also causes slurred speech because using language and abstract expressions becomes difficult. The medical world has not been able to provide an appropriate account on the emerging issues concerning the vaccine.In 2002, Medical Research Council did a review of autism. This revi ew covers matters on the prevalence of autism, its effects, and possible causative factors. The review finally associates a crook of factors with the cause of autism but singles out genetic factors as a major cause. According to the report, thither is no tangible evidence that can establish MMR vaccine as a causative actor of autism. The report further links autism with environmental and behavioral factors like the exposure to drugs or heavy metals in the lead giving birth. Such an exposure causes genetic susceptibility to autism (Hollins, 2015, p. 1).Evaluation of the controversies has also remained accomplished by unaffiliated federal committees such as the Joint Committee on Vaccines and Immunization. The reports from these committees suggest that the argument that autism is related to MMR vaccine has no scientific basis. Therefore, the committees conclusion is that there is no causal link between autism and the MMR vaccine.

Jurisprudence (Ethics and Morality) Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

Jurisprudence (Ethics and Morality) - Essay ExampleKautilya2 an ancient Indian scholar whos Arthasastra is famous for its depiction of book of instructions and advices to a king clearly required the state to provide for the maintenance of childless women. In his impression moral considerations were not to occupy the politics, which should simply concentrate on victory only. The magnum opus Arthasastra fulfils the requirements of twentieth blow international law for the recognition of a state. In ancient Rome, pontiffs and their sons were alone empowered to deliver judgements. scarce in third century BC some eminent groups like Proculians and Sabinians produced a relevant literature. In the cultural movement during Byzantine Empire in 5th century only Justinians Corpus Juris Civilis was born.3 womens rightist jurisprudence is a philosophy based on political, economic and social equality of sexes. This theory is believed to bind sprung up in 1960s. Feminists strongly believe that gender is created not by biological difference scarcely by social interpretations. Physical appearances and capacity of reproduction of women, according to them, should be considered as identity factors only. In other beas like psychological, social and moral traits, women are to be treated at par with men. Although womens rightists crap a common ideology of women rights, they are divided among themselves in some basic thoughts. Liberal feminists are staunch in their endeavour of erasing gender-based discriminations in recognised laws against women. Cultural feminists aspire for the recognition of womens moral phonate of caring and communal values. Radical feminists strongly object to simply accommodating the physiological and emotional differences of women, scarce they require a society to construct an equality of sex based on these differences. The practicability of feminist jurisprudence lies in accepting the fact that people live in a patriarchal society. Researchers get at a conclusion that patriarchy emerged since the advent of agrarian societies they are of the view that women were enjoying relatively lavishly status in pre-agrarian societies. The role of women in this period is something more than childbearing and caring the family as they overlap the production related works with males. (Patrie, 1923) Agrarian production brought importance to ploughs and consequently to males who became the breadwinners of the family and began to posses control over resources. During this era, the cogency of women in their family administration was tactfully recognised by men within the walls of the family making them feel moron distant their family.First-wave feminism prevailed from nineteenth century up to late 1960,during when abortion and contraception were not the issues handled by the feminists, who heterogeneous in political power games behind policy making in the UK and France they were campaigning in party favour of education, employment, marital rights and rights to vote only. They began to think of contraception followed by abortion only after First arena War. Feminists in France happened to realise the need for abortion after the Second World War. Technological developments in the viewing of World War II threw light on use of contraceptives and non-surgical abortion. France still under the strong